Thursday, February 26, 2009

The Detroit Crisis - Then and Now

When a steep recession struck the United States 50 years ago, automakers were caught unaware. Car sales plunged in 1958, and the national unemployment rate was 6.8 percent. At a time when Americans were tightening their belts and looking for practical, economical automobiles, all Detroit had to offer were pricey, ostentatious behemoths.



That may sound similar to Detroit’s situation today. Yet the seeds of the Big Three’s current problems were laid in the late 1950s, when the lack of small American cars opened the door to the first large wave of imports, particularly the Volkswagen Beetle.

There was a reason, though, that the Big Three had failed to produce small cars before the 1958-59 recession. A decade earlier, smaller American automakers had tried, and largely failed, to make successful compacts.



Nash seemed to be the only American manufacturer to get the compact formula right. The styling of its Rambler was fresh, distinctive and attractive. But the most important factor that contributed to the original Rambler’s run in 1950-55 was that there was a full line of Ramblers in many body styles. At the side, a 1952 Rambler convertible.

Photo: From the brochure collection of Steve Hayes

The generally accepted explanation for the failure of these Detroit compacts is that nobody cared about fuel economy or small cars.

But they also failed because they had the bad luck of being produced by chronically undercapitalized independent automakers. These compacts were not particularly thrifty, had no distinctive engineering features and rather than being stylish but sensible, they were simply cheap and frumpy. Not surprisingly, they failed to entice Americans. Detroit’s abandonment of the entry-level car market to foreign makes started in the early 1950s.

But they also failed because they had the bad luck of being produced by chronically undercapitalized independent automakers. These compacts were not particularly thrifty, had no distinctive engineering features and rather than being stylish but sensible, they were simply cheap and frumpy. Not surprisingly, they failed to entice Americans. Detroit’s abandonment of the entry-level car market to foreign makes started in the early 1950s.

Manufacturers like Kaiser, Hudson and Chrysler, were in the market offering compact cars, but it’s the Metropolitan by Nash that has the largest following. “Women especially just go nuts for them,”

Quando uma forte recessão afetou os EUA 50 anos atrás, os fabricantes foram pegos de surprêsa. As vendas do setor foram péssimas em 1958, e a taxa de desemprego nacional estava em 6.8 por cento. Num tempo em que os americanos buscavam por automóveis práticos e econômicos, tudo que Detroit tinha a oferecer eram caros e ostensivos “banheirões”.

Parece exatamente o que se passa com Detroit hoje em dia, não é mesmo?

As sementes dos problemas atuais das três grandes montadoras foram plantadas no fim dos anos 50, quando a falta de carros pequenos americanos abriu as portas para a primeira grande onda de importados, particularmente o Fusca. Houve uma razão no entanto, para que as três grandes falhassem em produzir carros pequenos antes da grande queda das vendas de 1958-59: na década anterior, fabricantes menos poderosos haviam tentado e falhado na produção de compactos de sucesso.



Nash pareceu ser o único fabricante americano a ter a fórmula certa para os compactos. O estilo dos seus Rambler era jovem, diferente e atraente. O fator mais importante a contribuir para a boa aceitação inicial dos Rambler entre 1950-55 foi o fato de haver uma linha completa de automóveis, em muitos estilos. Acima o Rambler conversível de 1952.

Foto tirada da brochura da coleção de Steve Hayes.



A explicação geralmente aceita é a de que os fabricante não haviam se preocupado com a economia de combustível daqueles automóveis.

Não sómente por êsse motivo. Os pequenos também falharam, por terem sidos produzidos por fabricantes independentes, cronicamente sofrendo de falta de capital. Aqueles compactosnão tinham nada de econômicos, nenhuma característica de engenharia que os distinguisse dos grandes, e em vez de terem estilo agradável, eram simplesmente de aparência barata e truculent.. Não foi portanto surprêsa, não terem agradado aos americanos. Êsse segmento de mercado foi então abandonado por Detroit, e praticamente entrgue às marcas estrangfeiras, em meados dos anos 50.



Fabricantes como Kaiser, Hudson e Crysler estiveram nesse segmento oferecendo carros compactos, mas foi o Metropolitan da Nash que conquistou a amaioria dos clientes.

“ As mulheres especialmente piravam pelos Metropolitan”.

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